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杭州環(huán)球雅思閱讀:鄧軍
眾所周知,雅思閱讀的兩大重要原則是:定位和同義替換。一旦定位準確,剩下的解題只要詞匯過關語句理解到位,獲得正確答案就手到擒來了。但是筆者在雅思閱讀教學過程中發(fā)現(xiàn),很多考生感覺在雅思閱讀各類題目中選擇定位詞頗費心思或者難以定奪。那么定位詞到底該怎么找呢?或者什么樣的單詞或短語適合扮演定位詞的角色呢?為了回答這些問題,筆者建議各位考生,不妨回憶一下我們早年學習語文的時候,老師在課堂上不斷提醒我們的“記敘文四要素”——時間,地點,人物,事件。筆者在長期的教學過程中發(fā)現(xiàn),這“記敘文四要素”其實非常適用于雅思閱讀各類題目定位詞的選擇原則,即我們在選擇定位詞的時候,要盡力找到表達“時間”,“地點”,“人物”,“事件”的單詞或短語。那么下面我就以劍橋雅思系列里的原題為例,給各位考生一一解釋。
時間
例句:
1)In 1764 Dr. Johnson accepted the contract to produce a dictionary. (C5-T1-P1 SUMMARY)
2)This was followed by a wartime application in devices for finding
_______. (C7-T1-P1 SUMMARY)
3)In the future, governments should maintain ownership of water
infrastructure. (C7-T1-P2判斷題)
4)Only two Japanese pagodas have collapsed in 1400 years. (C7-T2-P1判斷題)
5)Prior to the start of MIRTP the Makete district was almost inaccessible
during the rainy season. (C7-T2-P3判斷題)
6)Between 1940 and 1959, there was a sharp decrease in Alaska’s salmon
population.(C7-T4-P2判斷題)
7)How the 1670 lever-based device worked (title) (C8-T1-P1 DIAGRAM COMPLETION)
8)Some improvements were made in radio communication during World War II. (C8-T1-P2判斷題)
9)Early methods of producing flat glass (title) (C8-T2-P1 TABLE COMPLETION)
10)Nineteenth-century studies of the nature of genius failed to take into
account the uniqueness of the person’s upbringing. (C8-T3-P2 判斷題)
上面的例句中,表示“時間”概念的詞,很多是以非常醒目的數(shù)字的形式出現(xiàn),作為定位詞的自不必說。而in the future這個詞出現(xiàn),考生們應該能夠預測這個題目的出處應該在文章的結(jié)尾部分,因為整個文章的論述到了結(jié)尾部分通常會出現(xiàn)論述總結(jié)或者對未來展望這些信息。Rainy season 是對題目信息一個相當具體的時間限定,較好在原文中掃描到相應的信息,而該題中prior to the start也能給考生一個信息預判,即這個題目應該是出現(xiàn)在這篇工程結(jié)項報告的前部??忌鷤兣龅紼arly這樣的單詞,應該告訴自己這個題應該在文中較靠前的部分定位。
地點
例句:
1)Several of the subjects were psychology students at Yale University. (C5-T1-P2判斷題)
2)Deserts, mountains and Arctic regions are examples of environments
that are both ecologically and culturally fragile. (C5-T4-P1判斷題)
3)Japan imports more meat and steel than France.(C6-T1-P2判斷題)
4)If you visit the Canadian Arctic, you immediately appreciate the
problems faced by people for whom this is home. (C6-T1-P3 SUMMARY)
5)Several species of wildlife in the British countryside are declining.(C7-T2-P2判斷題)
6)City life is one factor that encourages the development of intelligence.(C7-T3-P1判斷題)
7)Problems in Nordic countries were excluded because they are outside
the European Economic Community. (C7-T3-P3判斷題)
8)In addition, over two thousand years ago kites were used in China as
weapons, as well as for sending_______. (C7-T4-P1 SUMMARY)
9)The inhabitants of the Aleutian Islands renamed their islands ‘Aleyska’. (C7-T4-P2判斷題)
10)The writer suggests that people may have difficulty sleeping in the
mountains because … … (C7-T4-P3 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS)
上述含有“地點”概念的例句中,表示地點的詞或短語大部分本身屬于專有名詞,首字母大寫,從文中定位較為容易。而像deserts, mountains and Arctic regions, in the British countryside, city, in the mountains這些詞或短語表達的意義非常具體,可以說“過目不忘”??忌鷤兺ㄟ^短時記憶,即使在注意力高度集中的情況下掃描文章時,這些信息也不容易在腦海里丟失。故選擇表示具體地點的詞作為定位詞是非常有效的閱讀解題手段。
人物
例句:
1)As a reward for his hard work, he was granted a _______ by the king. (C5-T1-P1 SUMMARY)
2)Not all of the assistants survived to see the publication of the dictionary. (C5-T1-P1 判斷題)
3)The identity of the pupils (C5-T1-P2 MATCHING)
4)Before the experiment took place the psychiatrists … … (C5-T1-P2
MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS)
5)Environmentalists take a pessimistic view of the world for a number
of reasons. (C5-T1-P3判斷題)
6)The number of starving people in the world has increased in recent years.(C5-T1-P3判斷題)
7)The word ‘echolocation’ was first used by someone working as a
_______.(C7-T1-P1 SENTENCE COMPLETION)
8)Shuzo Ishida performs experiments in order to … … (C7-T2-P1 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS)
10)Weather forecasters are intensely interested in Diels’s system.(C8-T3-P1判斷題)
以上這些標注的詞都是代表某類人,這些人物要么帶有極強的專業(yè)色彩,如psychiatrists, environmentalists, weather forecasters,要么表達了一個非常具體的概念,如the king, the assistants, starving people等,而這些詞要么在文中幾乎難以用其他詞替換,要么再文中極其顯眼極易辨識出,而例7)中的someone可以給考生提供明晰的信息,即該空格一定是需要填進一類人或者職業(yè)者。故上面的例句中表達“人物”的詞很適合作定位詞。以“人物”為定位詞的案例在劍橋中不在少數(shù),考生們可以在練習時多做總結(jié)。
事件
例句:
1)Some pollution problems have been correctly linked to
industrialization. (C5-T1-P3 判斷題)
2)It would be best attempt to slow down economic growth. (C5-T1-P3 判斷題)
3)By how much did some cyclists’ performance improve at the 1996 Olympic
Games? (C6-T1-P1 SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)
4)The effects of the introduction of electronic delivery (C6-T1-P2 MATCHING)
5)The Hanshin earthquake of 1995 destroyed the pagoda at the Toji temple. (C7-T2-P1判斷題)
6)Ants have sophisticated methods of farming, including herding
livestock and growing crops, which are in many ways similar to those
used in human agriculture. (C7-T3-P1 SUMMARY)
7)The Strasbourg conference decided that a forest policy must allow for
the possibility of change. (C7-T3-P3 判斷題)
8)They created a calendar to organize public events and work schedules. C8-T1-P1 MATCHING)
9)Air Traffic Control started after the Grand Canyon crash in 1956. (C8-T1-P2判斷題)
10)Pilkington invested some of his own money in his float plant. (C8-T2-P1判斷題)
同樣的,在上面的例句中所標識出的表示“事件”的詞或短語表達了非常具體的含義,或者直接以專有名詞,即單詞首字母大寫出現(xiàn)。所謂“事件”,即“發(fā)生了什么?”,考生可利用自己的“好奇心”,將這些特定信息點短時儲存在自己腦海里。在動輒長篇大論的雅思閱讀文本中,考生在高速掃描文章尋找定位信息的時候,即使眼睛稍微掠過相關內(nèi)容,也能捕捉住這些定位信息。所以,以“事件”作為定位詞,實在。
所謂的“記敘文四要素”法選擇定位詞,其實說到底就是要從雅思閱讀題目入手,尋找那些具有特定含義的,醒目的,而且在文章中不易被替換的單詞或短語作為定位信息。希望考生在備考雅思的時候,多思考,多總結(jié),慢慢積累起尋找定位詞的經(jīng)驗和感覺。有了經(jīng)驗,再打造出自己堅實的語言功底,你們一定能夠考出理想的!
北京環(huán)球天下教育科技有限公司簡介編輯: 環(huán)球教育來自: 環(huán)球教育
北京環(huán)球天下教育科技有限公司(Global Education),是中國留學語言培訓行業(yè),20年來,秉持教育成就未來的理念,專注于為中國學子提供優(yōu)質(zhì)的留學語言培訓及配套服務。目前,環(huán)球教育已構(gòu)建了包含語言培訓、留學咨詢、課程、游學考察、模擬課堂等在內(nèi)的服務教育生態(tài)圈。
環(huán)球教育自1997年成立以來,一直勇于,樂于革新。2011年,環(huán)球教育與培生集團(Pearson)攜手,推動了環(huán)球教育在教學研究、技術創(chuàng)新和化管理方面的長足進步。2017年,環(huán)球教育成為樸新教育科技集團的一員,為環(huán)球教育更快、更的成長奠定了堅實的基礎。
環(huán)球教育以的教學成效和良好的服務口碑在業(yè)界享有盛名,我們堅持以學生為中心,一手抓教學服務,一手抓師資力量。教學中應用科學的入學評測體系,實現(xiàn)學員的個性化學習;采用獨特的"環(huán)球?qū)嵱媒虒W模式",關注學習進程,因材施教;"核心課+吸收課"的教學理念,幫助學生學習效能,達到出國留學的標準。同時,環(huán)球教育引進和培養(yǎng)了一批尖教學人才,通過科學的教師培訓和管理體系,打造出一支實力雄厚、結(jié)構(gòu)合理的師資團隊, 為優(yōu)質(zhì)教學提供堅強的。
我們以化教育集團的標準,促進產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新,行業(yè)發(fā)展,大力推動中國留學事業(yè)的進步與發(fā)展。 20年來,環(huán)球教育不斷壯大,旗下?lián)碛?00余家教學中心,遍布中國200多個城市,累計為六十余萬名學員提供專業(yè)、多元的教育服務,為中國培養(yǎng)具有視野的化人才做出應有的貢獻。
樸新教育科技集團
2014年,由多位投身于教育培訓行業(yè)15年以上的高管聯(lián)合創(chuàng)辦了樸新教育科技集團。樸新人一直秉承著"敦兮若樸,敝而新成"的文化理念,以中課外輔導、留學培訓和留學申請服務為核心,依托尖的師資團隊,科學的管理體系,遍布各地30多個城市。